WGET2(1) GNU Wget2 User Manual WGET2(1)
GNU Wget2 2.2.0 GNU Wget2 2.2.0
Name
Wget2 - a recursive metalink/file/website downloader.
Synopsis
CR]wget2 [options]... [URL]...R]
Description
GNU Wget2 is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from
the Web. It supports HTTP and HTTPS protocols, as well as retrieval
through HTTP(S) proxies.
Wget2 is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background,
while the user is not logged on. This allows you to start a retrieval
and disconnect from the system, letting Wget2 finish the work. By
contrast, most of the Web browsers require constant user[cq]s
presence, which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of
data.
Wget2 can follow links in HTML, XHTML, CSS, RSS, Atom and sitemap
files to create local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating
the directory structure of the original site. This is sometimes
referred to as I]recursive downloadingR]. While doing that, Wget2
respects the Robot Exclusion Standard (I]/robots.txtR]). Wget2 can be
instructed to convert the links in downloaded files to point at the
local files, for offline viewing.
Wget2 has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network
connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will
keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved. If the server
supports partial downloads, it may continue the download from where it
left off.
Options
Option Syntax
Every option has a long form and sometimes also a short one. Long
options are more convenient to remember, but take time to type. You
may freely mix different option styles. Thus you may write:
wget2 -r --tries=10 https://example.com/ -o log
The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument
may be omitted. Instead of CR]-o logR] you can write CR]-ologR].
You may put several options that do not require arguments together,
like:
wget2 -drc <URL>
This is equivalent to:
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wget2 -d -r -c <URL>
Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may
terminate them with CR]--R]. So the following will try to download
URL CR]-xR], reporting failure to CR]logR]:
wget2 -o log -- -x
The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the
convention that prepending CR]--no-R] clears its value. This can be
useful to clear the CR].wget2rcR] settings. For instance, if your
CR].wget2rcR] sets CR]exclude-directoriesR] to CR]/cgi-binR], the
following example will first reset it, and then set it to exclude
CR]/privR] and CR]/trashR]. You can also clear the lists in
CR].wget2rcR].
wget2 --no-exclude-directories -X /priv,/trash
Most options that do not accept arguments are boolean options, so
named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no
([lq]boolean[rq]) variable. A boolean option is either affirmative or
negative (beginning with CR]--no-R]). All such options share several
properties.
Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the CR]--no-R] to the
option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the
CR]--no-R] prefix. This might seem superfluous - if the default for
an affirmative option is to not do something, then why provide a way
to explicitly turn it off? But the startup file may in fact change
the default. For instance, using CR]timestamping = onR] in
CR].wget2rcR] makes Wget2 download updated files only. Using
CR]--no-timestampingR] is the only way to restore the factory default
from the command line.
Basic Startup Options
CR]-VR], CR]--versionR]
Display the version of Wget2.
CR]-hR], CR]--helpR]
Print a help message describing all of Wget2[cq]s command-line
options.
CR]-bR], CR]--backgroundR]
Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is
specified via the CR]-oR], output is redirected to CR]wget-logR].
CR]-eR], CR]--execute=commandR]
Execute command as if it were a part of CR].wget2rcR]. A command thus
invoked will be executed after the commands in CR].wget2rcR], thus
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taking precedence over them. If you need to specify more than one
wget2rc command, use multiple instances of CR]-eR].
CR]--hyperlinkR]
Hyperlink names of downloaded files so that they can opened from the
terminal by clicking on them. Only a few terminal emulators currently
support hyperlinks. Enable this option if you know your terminal
supports hyperlinks.
Logging and Input File Options
CR]-oR], CR]--output-file=logfileR]
Log all messages to CR]logfileR]. The messages are normally reported
to standard error.
CR]-aR], CR]--append-output=logfileR]
Append to CR]logfileR]. This is the same as CR]-oR], only it appends
to CR]logfileR] instead of overwriting the old log file. If
CR]logfileR] does not exist, a new file is created.
CR]-dR], CR]--debugR]
Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the
developers of Wget2 if it does not work properly. Your system
administrator may have chosen to compile Wget2 without debug support,
in which case CR]-dR] will not work. Please note that compiling with
debug support is always safe, Wget2 compiled with the debug support
will not print any debug info unless requested with CR]-dR].
CR]-qR], CR]--quietR]
Turn off Wget2[cq]s output.
CR]-vR], CR]--verboseR]
Turn on verbose output, with all the available data. The default
output is verbose.
CR]-nvR], CR]--no-verboseR]
Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use CR]-qR] for
that), which means that error messages and basic information still get
printed.
CR]--report-speed=typeR]
Output bandwidth as CR]typeR]. The only accepted values are
CR]bytesR] (which is set by default) and CR]bitsR]. This option only
works if CR]--progress=barR] is also set.
CR]-iR], CR]--input-file=fileR]
Read URLs from a local or external file. If CR]-R] is specified as
file, URLs are read from the standard input. Use CR]./-R] to read
from a file literally named CR]-R].
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If this function is used, no URLs need be present on the command line.
If there are URLs both on the command line and in an input file, those
on the command lines will be the first ones to be retrieved.
CR]fileR] is expected to contain one URL per line, except one of the
CR]--force-R] options specifies a different format.
If you specify CR]--force-htmlR], the document will be regarded as
HTML. In that case you may have problems with relative links, which
you can solve either by adding CR]<base href=[dq]url[dq]>R] to the
documents or by specifying CR]--base=urlR] on the command line.
If you specify CR]--force-cssR], the document will be regarded as CSS.
If you specify CR]--force-sitemapR], the document will be regarded as
XML sitemap.
If you specify CR]--force-atomR], the document will be regarded as
Atom Feed.
If you specify CR]--force-rssR], the document will be regarded as RSS
Feed.
If you specify CR]--force-metalinkR], the document will be regarded as
Metalink description.
If you have problems with relative links, you should use
CR]--base=urlR] on the command line.
CR]-FR], CR]--force-htmlR]
When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an HTML
file. This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing HTML
files on your local disk, by adding [lq][rq] to HTML, or using the
CR]--baseR] command-line option.
CR]--force-cssR]
Read and parse the input file as CSS. This enables you to retrieve
links from existing CSS files on your local disk. You will need
CR]--baseR] to handle relative links correctly.
CR]--force-sitemapR]
Read and parse the input file as sitemap XML. This enables you to
retrieve links from existing sitemap files on your local disk. You
will need CR]--baseR] to handle relative links correctly.
CR]--force-atomR]
Read and parse the input file as Atom Feed XML. This enables you to
retrieve links from existing sitemap files on your local disk. You
will need CR]--baseR] to handle relative links correctly.
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CR]--force-rssR]
Read and parse the input file as RSS Feed XML. This enables you to
retrieve links from existing sitemap files on your local disk. You
will need CR]--baseR] to handle relative links correctly.
CR]--force-metalinkR]
Read and parse the input file as Metalink. This enables you to
retrieve links from existing Metalink files on your local disk. You
will need CR]--baseR] to handle relative links correctly.
CR]-BR], CR]--base=URLR]
Resolves relative links using URL as the point of reference, when
reading links from an HTML file specified via the
CR]-iR]/CR]--input-fileR] option (together with a CR]--forceR]...
option, or when the input file was fetched remotely from a server
describing it as HTML, CSS, Atom or RSS). This is equivalent to the
presence of a [lq]BASE[rq] tag in the HTML input file, with URL as the
value for the [lq]href[rq] attribute.
For instance, if you specify CR]https://example.com/bar/a.htmlR] for
URL, and Wget2 reads CR]../baz/b.htmlR] from the input file, it would
be resolved to CR]https://example.com/baz/b.htmlR].
CR]--config=FILER]
Specify the location of configuration files you wish to use. If you
specify more than one file, either by using a comma-separated list or
several CR]--configR] options, these files are read in left-to-right
order. The files given in CR]$SYSTEM_WGET2RCR] and (CR]$WGET2RCR] or
CR][ti]/.wget2rcR]) are read in that order and then the user-provided
config file(s). If set, CR]$WGET2RCR] replaces CR][ti]/.wget2rcR].
CR]--no-configR] empties the internal list of config files. So if you
want to prevent reading any config files, give CR]--no-configR] on the
command line.
CR]--no-configR] followed by CR]--config=fileR] just reads CR]fileR]
and skips reading the default config files.
Wget will attempt to tilde-expand filenames written in the
configuration file on supported platforms. To use a file that starts
with the character literal `[ti]', use [lq]./[ti][rq] or an absolute
path.
CR]--rejected-log=logfileR] [Not implemented yet]
Logs all URL rejections to logfile as comma separated values. The
values include the reason of rejection, the URL and the parent URL it
was found in.
CR]--local-dbR]
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Enables reading/writing to local database files (default: on).
These are the files for CR]--hstsR], CR]--hpkpR], CR]--ocspR], etc.
With CR]--no-local-dbR] you can switch reading/writing off,
e.g. useful for testing.
This option does not influence the reading of config files.
CR]--stats-dns=[FORMAT:]FILER]
Save DNS stats in format CR]FORMATR], in file CR]FILER].
CR]FORMATR] can be CR]humanR] or CR]csvR]. CR]-R] is shorthand for
CR]stdoutR] and CR]hR] is shorthand for CR]humanR].
The CSV output format is
Hostname,IP,Port,Duration
[ga]Duration[ga] is given in milliseconds.
CR]--stats-tls=[FORMAT:]FILER]
Save TLS stats in format CR]FORMATR], in file CR]FILER].
CR]FORMATR] can be CR]humanR] or CR]csvR]. CR]-R] is shorthand for
CR]stdoutR] and CR]hR] is shorthand for CR]humanR].
The CSV output format is
Hostname,TLSVersion,FalseStart,TFO,Resumed,ALPN,HTTPVersion,Certificates,Duration
[ga]TLSVersion[ga] can be 1,2,3,4,5 for SSL3, TLS1.0, TLS1.1,
TLS1.2 and TLS1.3. -1 means [aq]None[aq].
[ga]FalseStart[ga] whether the connection used TLS False Start.
-1 if not applicable.
[ga]TFO[ga] whether the connection used TCP Fast Open. -1 is TFO
was disabled.
[ga]Resumed[ga] whether the TLS session was resumed or not.
[ga]ALPN[ga] is the ALPN negotiation string.
[ga]HTTPVersion[ga] is 0 for HTTP 1.1 and 1 is for HTTP 2.0.
[ga]Certificates[ga] is the size of the server[aq]s certificate
chain.
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[ga]Duration[ga] is given in milliseconds.
CR]--stats-ocsp=[FORMAT:]FILER]
Save OCSP stats in format CR]FORMATR], in file CR]FILER].
CR]FORMATR] can be CR]humanR] or CR]csvR]. CR]-R] is shorthand for
CR]stdoutR] and CR]hR] is shorthand for CR]humanR].
The CSV output format is
Hostname,Stapling,Valid,Revoked,Ignored
[ga]Stapling[ga] whether an OCSP response was stapled or not.
[ga]Valid[ga] how many server certificates were valid regarding
OCSP.
[ga]Revoked[ga] how many server certificates were revoked
regarding OCSP.
[ga]Ignored[ga] how many server certificates had been ignored or
OCSP responses missing.
CR]--stats-server=[FORMAT:]FILER]
Save Server stats in format CR]FORMATR], in file CR]FILER].
CR]FORMATR] can be CR]humanR] or CR]csvR]. CR]-R] is shorthand for
CR]stdoutR] and CR]hR] is shorthand for CR]humanR].
The CSV output format is
Hostname,IP,Scheme,HPKP,NewHPKP,HSTS,CSP
[ga]Scheme[ga] 0,1,2 mean [ga]None[ga], [ga]http[ga],
[ga]https[ga].
[ga]HPKP[ga] values 0,1,2,3 mean [aq]No HPKP[aq], [aq]HPKP
matched[aq], [aq]HPKP doesn[aq]t match[aq], [aq]HPKP error[aq].
[ga]NewHPKP[ga] whether server sent HPKP (Public-Key-Pins)
header.
[ga]HSTS[ga] whether server sent HSTS (Strict-Transport-Security)
header.
[ga]CSP[ga] whether server sent CSP (Content-Security-Policy)
header.
CR]--stats-site=[FORMAT:]FILER]
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Save Site stats in format CR]FORMATR], in file CR]FILER].
CR]FORMATR] can be CR]humanR] or CR]csvR]. CR]-R] is shorthand for
CR]stdoutR] and CR]hR] is shorthand for CR]humanR].
The CSV output format is
ID,ParentID,URL,Status,Link,Method,Size,SizeDecompressed,TransferTime,ResponseTime,Encoding,Verification
[ga]ID[ga] unique ID for a stats record.
[ga]ParentID[ga] ID of the parent document, relevant for
[ga]--recursive[ga] mode.
[ga]URL[ga] URL of the document.
[ga]Status[ga] HTTP response code or 0 if not applicable.
[ga]Link[ga] 1 means [aq]direkt link[aq], 0 means [aq]redirection
link[aq].
[ga]Method[ga] 1,2,3 mean GET, HEAD, POST request type.
[ga]Size[ga] size of downloaded body (theoretical value for HEAD
requests).
[ga]SizeDecompressed[ga] size of decompressed body (0 for HEAD
requests).
[ga]TransferTime[ga] ms between start of request and completed
download.
[ga]ResponseTime[ga] ms between start of request and first
response packet.
[ga]Encoding[ga] 0,1,2,3,4,5 mean server side compression was
[aq]identity[aq], [aq]gzip[aq], [aq]deflate[aq], [aq]lzma/xz[aq],
[aq]bzip2[aq], [aq]brotli[aq], [aq]zstd[aq], [aq]lzip[aq]
[ga]Verification[ga] PGP verification status. 0,1,2,3 mean
[aq]none[aq], [aq]valid[aq], [aq]invalid[aq], [aq]bad[aq],
[aq]missing[aq].
Download Options
CR]--bind-address=ADDRESSR]
When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to ADDRESS on the local
machine. ADDRESS may be specified as a hostname or IP address. This
option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple IPs.
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CR]--bind-interface=INTERFACER]
When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to INTERFACE on the local
machine. INTERFACE may be specified as the name for a Network
Interface. This option can be useful if your machine has multiple
Network Interfaces. However, the option works only when wget2 is run
with elevated privileges (On GNU/Linux: root / sudo or CR]sudo setcap
cap_net_raw+ep <path to wget|wget2>R]).
CR]-tR], CR]--tries=numberR]
Set number of tries to number. Specify 0 or inf for infinite
retrying. The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of
fatal errors like [lq]connection refused[rq] or [lq]not found[rq]
(404), which are not retried.
CR]--retry-on-http-error=listR]
Specify a comma-separated list of HTTP codes in which Wget2 will retry
the download. The elements of the list may contain wildcards. If an
HTTP code starts with the character `!' it won[cq]t be downloaded.
This is useful when trying to download something with exceptions. For
example, retry every failed download if error code is not 404:
wget2 --retry-on-http-error=*,[rs]!404 https://example.com/
Please keep in mind that [lq]200[rq] is the only forbidden code. If
it is included on the status list Wget2 will ignore it. The max.
number of download attempts is given by the CR]--triesR] option.
CR]-OR], CR]--output-document=fileR]
The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all
will be concatenated together and written to file. If CR]-R] is used
as file, documents will be printed to standard output, disabling link
conversion. Use CR]./-R] to print to a file literally named CR]-R].
To not get Wget2 status messages mixed with file content, use CR]-qR]
in combination with CR]-O-R] (This is different to how Wget 1.x
behaves).
Using CR]-rR] or CR]-pR] with CR]-OR] may not work as you expect:
Wget2 won[cq]t just download the first file to file and then download
the rest to their normal names: all downloaded content will be placed
in file.
A combination with CR]-ncR] is only accepted if the given output file
does not exist.
When used along with the CR]-cR] option, Wget2 will attempt to
continue downloading the file whose name is passed to the option,
irrespective of whether the actual file already exists on disk or not.
This allows users to download a file with a temporary name alongside
the actual file.
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Note that a combination with CR]-kR] is only permitted when
downloading a single document, as in that case it will just convert
all relative URIs to external ones; CR]-kR] makes no sense for
multiple URIs when they[cq]re all being downloaded to a single file;
CR]-kR] can be used only when the output is a regular file.
Compatibility-Note: Wget 1.x used to treat CR]-OR] as analogous to
shell redirection. Wget2 does not handle the option similarly.
Hence, the file will not always be newly created. The file[cq]s
timestamps will not be affected unless it is actually written to. As
a result, both CR]-cR] and CR]-NR] options are now supported in
conjunction with this option.
CR]-ncR], CR]--no-clobberR]
If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory,
Wget2[cq]s behavior depends on a few options, including CR]-ncR]. In
certain cases, the local file will be clobbered, or overwritten, upon
repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved.
When running Wget2 without CR]-NR], CR]-ncR], CR]-rR], or CR]-pR],
downloading the same file in the same directory will result in the
original copy of file being preserved and the second copy being named
file.1. If that file is downloaded yet again, the third copy will be
named file.2, and so on. (This is also the behavior with CR]-ndR],
even if CR]-rR] or CR]-pR] are in effect.) Use CR]--keep-extensionR]
to use an alternative file naming pattern.
When CR]-ncR] is specified, this behavior is suppressed, and Wget2
will refuse to download newer copies of file. Therefore,
[lq][lq]no-clobber[rq][rq] is actually a misnomer in this mode -
it[cq]s not clobbering that[cq]s prevented (as the numeric suffixes
were already preventing clobbering), but rather the multiple version
saving that[cq]s prevented.
When running Wget2 with CR]-rR] or CR]-pR], but without CR]-NR],
CR]-ndR], or CR]-ncR], re-downloading a file will result in the new
copy simply overwriting the old. Adding CR]-ncR] will prevent this
behavior, instead causing the original version to be preserved and any
newer copies on the server to be ignored.
When running Wget2 with CR]-NR], with or without CR]-rR] or CR]-pR],
the decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy of a file
depends on the local and remote timestamp and size of the file.
CR]-ncR] may not be specified at the same time as CR]-NR].
A combination with CR]-OR]/CR]--output-documentR] is only accepted if
the given output file does not exist.
Note that when CR]-ncR] is specified, files with the suffixes .html or
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.htm will be loaded from the local disk and parsed as if they had been
retrieved from the Web.
CR]--backups=backupsR]
Before (over)writing a file, back up an existing file by adding a .1
suffix to the file name. Such backup files are rotated to .2, .3, and
so on, up to CR]backupsR] (and lost beyond that).
CR]-cR], CR]--continueR]
Continue getting a partially-downloaded file. This is useful when you
want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of Wget2,
or by another program. For instance:
wget2 -c https://example.com/tarball.gz
If there is a file named CR]tarball.gzR] in the current directory,
Wget2 will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and
will ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal to
the length of the local file.
Note that you don[cq]t need to specify this option if you just want
the current invocation of Wget2 to retry downloading a file should the
connection be lost midway through. This is the default behavior.
CR]-cR] only affects resumption of downloads started prior to this
invocation of Wget2, and whose local files are still sitting around.
Without CR]-cR], the previous example would just download the remote
file to CR]tarball.gz.1R], leaving the truncated CR]tarball.gzR] file
alone.
If you use CR]-cR] on a non-empty file, and it turns out that the
server does not support continued downloading, Wget2 will refuse to
start the download from scratch, which would effectively ruin existing
contents. If you really want the download to start from scratch,
remove the file.
If you use CR]-cR] on a file which is of equal size as the one on the
server, Wget2 will refuse to download the file and print an
explanatory message. The same happens when the file is smaller on the
server than locally (presumably because it was changed on the server
since your last download attempt). Because [lq]continuing[rq] is not
meaningful, no download occurs.
On the other side of the coin, while using CR]-cR], any file that[cq]s
bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete
download and only [lq](length(remote) - length(local))[rq] bytes will
be downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file. This
behavior can be desirable in certain cases. For instance, you can use
CR]wget2 -cR] to download just the new portion that[cq]s been appended
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to a data collection or log file.
However, if the file is bigger on the server because it[cq]s been
changed, as opposed to just appended to, you[cq]ll end up with a
garbled file. Wget2 has no way of verifying that the local file is
really a valid prefix of the remote file. You need to be especially
careful of this when using CR]-cR] in conjunction with CR]-rR], since
every file will be considered as an [lq]incomplete download[rq]
candidate.
Another instance where you[cq]ll get a garbled file if you try to use
CR]-cR] is if you have a lame HTTP proxy that inserts a [lq]transfer
interrupted[rq] string into the local file. In the future a
[lq]rollback[rq] option may be added to deal with this case.
Note that CR]-cR] only works with HTTP servers that support the
[lq]Range[rq] header.
CR]--start-pos=OFFSETR]
Start downloading at zero-based position CR]OFFSETR]. Offset may be
expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the CR]k[aq] suffix, or megabytes
with theR]m[cq] suffix, etc.
CR]--start-posR] has higher precedence over CR]--continueR]. When
CR]--start-posR] and CR]--continueR] are both specified, Wget2 will
emit a warning then proceed as if CR]--continueR] was absent.
Server support for continued download is required, otherwise
[en]start-pos cannot help. See CR]-cR] for details.
CR]--progress=typeR]
Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use. Supported
indicator types are CR]noneR] and CR]barR].
Type CR]barR] draws an ASCII progress bar graphics (a.k.a
[lq]thermometer[rq] display) indicating the status of retrieval.
If the output is a TTY, CR]barR] is the default. Else, the progress
bar will be switched off, except when using CR]--force-progressR].
The type `dot' is currently not supported, but won[cq]t trigger an
error to not break wget command lines.
The parameterized types CR]bar:forceR] and CR]bar:force:noscrollR]
will add the effect of CR]--force-progressR]. These are accepted for
better wget compatibility.
CR]--force-progressR]
Force Wget2 to display the progress bar in any verbosity.
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By default, Wget2 only displays the progress bar in verbose mode. One
may however, want Wget2 to display the progress bar on screen in
conjunction with any other verbosity modes like CR]--no-verboseR] or
CR]--quietR]. This is often a desired a property when invoking Wget2
to download several small/large files. In such a case, Wget2 could
simply be invoked with this parameter to get a much cleaner output on
the screen.
This option will also force the progress bar to be printed to stderr
when used alongside the CR]--output-fileR] option.
CR]-NR], CR]--timestampingR]
Turn on time-stamping.
CR]--no-if-modified-sinceR]
Do not send If-Modified-Since header in CR]-NR] mode. Send
preliminary HEAD request instead. This has only effect in CR]-NR]
mode.
CR]--no-use-server-timestampsR]
Don[cq]t set the local file[cq]s timestamp by the one on the server.
By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to match
those from the remote file. This allows the use of
CR]--timestampingR] on subsequent invocations of Wget2. However, it
is sometimes useful to base the local file[cq]s timestamp on when it
was actually downloaded; for that purpose, the
CR]--no-use-server-timestampsR] option has been provided.
CR]-SR], CR]--server-responseR]
Print the response headers sent by HTTP servers.
CR]--spiderR]
When invoked with this option, Wget2 will behave as a Web spider,
which means that it will not download the pages, just check that they
are there. For example, you can use Wget2 to check your bookmarks:
wget2 --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
This feature needs much more work for Wget2 to get close to the
functionality of real web spiders.
CR]-T secondsR], CR]--timeout=secondsR]
Set the network timeout to seconds seconds. This is equivalent to
specifying CR]--dns-timeoutR], CR]--connect-timeoutR], and
CR]--read-timeoutR], all at the same time.
When interacting with the network, Wget2 can check for timeout and
abort the operation if it takes too long. This prevents anomalies
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like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout enabled by
default is a 900-second read timeout. Setting a timeout to 0 disables
it altogether. Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to
change the default timeout settings.
All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as
subsecond values. For example, 0.1 seconds is a legal (though unwise)
choice of timeout. Subsecond timeouts are useful for checking server
response times or for testing network latency.
CR]--dns-timeout=secondsR]
Set the DNS lookup timeout to seconds seconds. DNS lookups that
don[cq]t complete within the specified time will fail. By default,
there is no timeout on DNS lookups, other than that implemented by
system libraries.
CR]--connect-timeout=secondsR]
Set the connect timeout to seconds seconds. TCP connections that take
longer to establish will be aborted. By default, there is no connect
timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries.
CR]--read-timeout=secondsR]
Set the read (and write) timeout to seconds seconds. The [lq]time[rq]
of this timeout refers to idle time: if, at any point in the download,
no data is received for more than the specified number of seconds,
reading fails and the download is restarted. This option does not
directly affect the duration of the entire download.
Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection
sooner than this option requires. The default read timeout is 900
seconds.
CR]--limit-rate=amountR]
Limit the download speed to amount bytes per second. Amount may be
expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the k suffix, or megabytes with the
m suffix. For example, CR]--limit-rate=20kR] will limit the retrieval
rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever reason, you
don[cq]t want Wget2 to consume the entire available bandwidth.
This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in conjunction
with power suffixes; for example, CR]--limit-rate=2.5kR] is a legal
value.
Note that Wget2 implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate
amount of time after a network read that took less time than specified
by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the TCP transfer to slow
down to approximately the specified rate. However, it may take some
time for this balance to be achieved, so don[cq]t be surprised if
limiting the rate doesn[cq]t work well with very small files.
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CR]-w secondsR], CR]--wait=secondsR]
Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use of
this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by making
the requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the time can be
specified in minutes using the [lq]m[rq] suffix, in hours using
[lq]h[rq] suffix, or in days using [lq]d[rq] suffix.
Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or
the destination host is down, so that Wget2 can wait long enough to
reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry. The
waiting interval specified by this function is influenced by
CR]--random-waitR], which see.
CR]--waitretry=secondsR]
If you don[cq]t want Wget2 to wait between every retrieval, but only
between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. Wget2
will use linear backoff, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a
given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on that
file, up to the maximum number of seconds you specify.
By default, Wget2 will assume a value of 10 seconds.
CR]--random-waitR]
Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval programs
such as Wget2 by looking for statistically significant similarities in
the time between requests. This option causes the time between
requests to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 ### wait seconds, where wait was
specified using the CR]--waitR] option, in order to mask Wget2[cq]s
presence from such analysis.
A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular
consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the fly.
Its author suggested blocking at the class C address level to ensure
automated retrieval programs were blocked despite changing
DHCP-supplied addresses.
The CR]--random-waitR] option was inspired by this ill-advised
recommendation to block many unrelated users from a web site due to
the actions of one.
CR]--no-proxy[=exceptions]R]
If no argument is given, we try to stay backward compatible with
Wget1.x and don[cq]t use proxies, even if the appropriate *_proxy
environment variable is defined.
If a comma-separated list of exceptions (domains/IPs) is given, these
exceptions are accessed without using a proxy. It overrides the
`no_proxy' environment variable.
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CR]-Q quotaR], CR]--quota=quotaR]
Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be
specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with k suffix), or megabytes
(with m suffix).
Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file. So if
you specify
wget2 -Q10k https://example.com/bigfile.gz
all of the CR]bigfile.gzR] will be downloaded. The same goes even
when several URLs are specified on the command-line. However, quota
is respected when retrieving either recursively, or from an input
file. Thus you may safely type
wget2 -Q2m -i sites
download will be aborted when the quota is exceeded.
Setting quota to CR]0R] or to CR]infR] unlimits the download quota.
CR]--restrict-file-names=modesR]
Change which characters found in remote URLs must be escaped during
generation of local filenames. Characters that are restricted by this
option are escaped, i.e. replaced with %HH, where HH is the
hexadecimal number that corresponds to the restricted character. This
option may also be used to force all alphabetical cases to be either
lower- or uppercase.
By default, Wget2 escapes the characters that are not valid or safe as
part of file names on your operating system, as well as control
characters that are typically unprintable. This option is useful for
changing these defaults, perhaps because you are downloading to a
non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of the
control characters, or you want to further restrict characters to only
those in the ASCII range of values.
The modes are a comma-separated set of text values. The acceptable
values are unix, windows, nocontrol, ascii, lowercase, and uppercase.
The values unix and windows are mutually exclusive (one will override
the other), as are lowercase and uppercase. Those last are special
cases, as they do not change the set of characters that would be
escaped, but rather force local file paths to be converted either to
lower- or uppercase.
When [lq]unix[rq] is specified, Wget2 escapes the character / and the
control characters in the ranges 0[en]31 and 128[en]159. This is the
default on Unix-like operating systems.
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When [lq]windows[rq] is given, Wget2 escapes the characters , |, /, :,
?, [lq], *, <, >, and the control characters in the ranges 0[en]31 and
128[en]159. In addition to this, Wget2 in Windows mode uses + instead
of : to separate host and port in local file names, and uses [at]
instead of ? to separate the query portion of the file name from the
rest. Therefore, a URL that would be saved as
CR]www.xemacs.org:4300/search.pl?input=blahR] in Unix mode would be
saved as CR]www.xemacs.org+4300/search.pl[at]input=blahR] in Windows
mode. This mode is the default on Windows.
If you specify nocontrol, then the escaping of the control characters
is also switched off. This option may make sense when you are
downloading URLs whose names contain UTF-8 characters, on a system
which can save and display filenames in UTF-8 (some possible byte
values used in UTF-8 byte sequences fall in the range of values
designated by Wget2 as [lq]controls[rq]).
The ascii mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values are
outside the range of ASCII characters (that is, greater than 127)
shall be escaped. This can be useful when saving filenames whose
encoding does not match the one used locally.
CR]-4R], CR]--inet4-onlyR], CR]-6R], CR]--inet6-onlyR]
Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. With CR]--inet4-onlyR] or
CR]-4R], Wget2 will only connect to IPv4 hosts, ignoring AAAA records
in DNS, and refusing to connect to IPv6 addresses specified in URLs.
Conversely, with CR]--inet6-onlyR] or CR]-6R], Wget2 will only connect
to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses.
Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an IPv6-aware
Wget2 will use the address family specified by the host[cq]s DNS
record. If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Wget2
will try them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to. (Also
see CR]--prefer-familyR] option described below.)
These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or
IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid debugging
or to deal with broken network configuration. Only one of
CR]--inet6-onlyR] and CR]--inet4-onlyR] may be specified at the same
time. Neither option is available in Wget2 compiled without IPv6
support.
CR]--prefer-family=none/IPv4/IPv6R]
When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses
with specified address family first. The address order returned by
DNS is used without change by default.
This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing hosts
that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 networks. For
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example, www.kame.net resolves to 2001:200:0:8002:203:47ff:fea5:3085
and to 203.178.141.194. When the preferred family is [lq]IPv4[rq],
the IPv4 address is used first; when the preferred family is
[lq]IPv6[rq], the IPv6 address is used first; if the specified value
is [lq]none[rq], the address order returned by DNS is used without
change.
Unlike -4 and -6, this option doesn[cq]t inhibit access to any address
family, it only changes the order in which the addresses are accessed.
Also note that the reordering performed by this option is stable. It
doesn[cq]t affect order of addresses of the same family. That is, the
relative order of all IPv4 addresses and of all IPv6 addresses remains
intact in all cases.
CR]--tcp-fastopenR]
Enable support for TCP Fast Open (TFO) (default: off).
TFO reduces connection latency by 1 RT on [lq]hot[rq] connections
(2nd+ connection to the same host in a certain amount of time).
Currently this works on recent Linux and OSX kernels, on HTTP and
HTTPS.
The main reasons why TFO is disabled by default are - possible user
tracking issues - possible issues with middle boxes that do not
support TFO
This article gives has more details about TFO than fits here:
https://candrews.integralblue.com/2019/03/the-sad-story-of-tcp-fast-open/
CR]--dns-cache-preload=fileR]
Load a list of IP / Name tuples into the DNS cache.
The format of CR]fileR] is like CR]/etc/hostsR]: IP-address whitespace
Name
This allows to save domain name lookup time, which is a bottleneck in
some use cases. Also, the use of HOSTALIASES (which is not portable)
can be mimicked by this option.
CR]--dns-cacheR]
Enable DNS caching (default: on).
Normally, Wget2 remembers the IP addresses it looked up from DNS so it
doesn[cq]t have to repeatedly contact the DNS server for the same
(typically small) set of hosts it retrieves from. This cache exists
in memory only; a new Wget2 run will contact DNS again.
However, it has been reported that in some situations it is not
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desirable to cache host names, even for the duration of a
short-running application like Wget2. With CR]--no-dns-cacheR] Wget2
issues a new DNS lookup (more precisely, a new call to
[lq]gethostbyname[rq] or [lq]getaddrinfo[rq]) each time it makes a new
connection. Please note that this option will not affect caching that
might be performed by the resolving library or by an external caching
layer, such as NSCD.
CR]--retry-connrefusedR]
Consider [lq]connection refused[rq] a transient error and try again.
Normally Wget2 gives up on a URL when it is unable to connect to the
site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server is
not running at all and that retries would not help. This option is
for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear for
short periods of time.
CR]--user=userR], CR]--password=passwordR]
Specify the username user and password password for HTTP file
retrieval. This overrides the lookup of credentials in the .netrc
file (CR]--netrcR] is enabled by default). These parameters can be
overridden using the CR]--http-userR] and CR]--http-passwordR] options
for HTTP(S) connections.
If neither CR]--http-proxy-userR] nor CR]--http-proxy-passwordR] is
given these settings are also taken for proxy authentication.
CR]--ask-passwordR]
Prompt for a password on the command line. Overrides the password set
by CR]--passwordR] (if any).
CR]--use-askpass=commandR]
Prompt for a user and password using the specified command. Overrides
the user and/or password set by CR]--userR]/CR]--passwordR] (if any).
CR]--no-iriR]
Turn off internationalized URI (IRI) support. Use CR]--iriR] to turn
it on. IRI support is activated by default.
You can set the default state of IRI support using the [lq]iri[rq]
command in CR].wget2rcR]. That setting may be overridden from the
command line.
CR]--local-encoding=encodingR]
Force Wget2 to use encoding as the default system encoding. That
affects how Wget2 converts URLs specified as arguments from locale to
UTF-8 for IRI support.
Wget2 use the function [lq]nl_langinfo()[rq] and then the
[lq]CHARSET[rq] environment variable to get the locale. If it fails,
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ASCII is used.
CR]--remote-encoding=encodingR]
Force Wget2 to use encoding as the default remote server encoding.
That affects how Wget2 converts URIs found in files from remote
encoding to UTF-8 during a recursive fetch. This options is only
useful for IRI support, for the interpretation of non-ASCII
characters.
For HTTP, remote encoding can be found in HTTP [lq]Content-Type[rq]
header and in HTML [lq]Content-Type http-equiv[rq] meta tag.
CR]--input-encoding=encodingR]
Use the specified encoding for the URLs read from CR]--input-fileR].
The default is the local encoding.
CR]--unlinkR]
Force Wget2 to unlink file instead of clobbering existing file. This
option is useful for downloading to the directory with hardlinks.
CR]--cut-url-get-varsR]
Remove HTTP GET Variables from URLs. For example
[lq]main.css?v=123[rq] will be changed to [lq]main.css[rq]. Be aware
that this may have unintended side effects, for example
[lq]image.php?name=sun[rq] will be changed to [lq]image.php[rq]. The
cutting happens before adding the URL to the download queue.
CR]--cut-file-get-varsR]
Remove HTTP GET Variables from filenames. For example
[lq]main.css?v=123[rq] will be changed to [lq]main.css[rq].
Be aware that this may have unintended side effects, for example
[lq]image.php?name=sun[rq] will be changed to [lq]image.php[rq]. The
cutting happens when saving the file, after downloading.
File names obtained from a [lq]Content-Disposition[rq] header are not
affected by this setting (see CR]--content-dispositionR]), and can be
a solution for this problem.
When CR]--trust-server-namesR] is used, the redirection URL is
affected by this setting.
CR]--chunk-size=sizeR]
Download large files in multithreaded chunks. This switch specifies
the size of the chunks, given in bytes if no other byte multiple unit
is specified. By default it[cq]s set on 0/off.
CR]--max-threads=numberR]
Specifies the maximum number of concurrent download threads for a
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resource. The default is 5 but if you want to allow more or fewer
this is the option to use.
CR]-sR], CR]--verify-sig[=fail|no-fail]R]
Enable PGP signature verification (when not prefixed with CR]no-R]).
When enabled Wget2 will attempt to download and verify PGP signatures
against their corresponding files. Any file downloaded that has a
content type beginning with CR]application/R] will cause Wget2 to
request the signature for that file.
The name of the signature file is computed by appending the extension
to the full path of the file that was just downloaded. The extension
used is defined by the CR]--signature-extensionsR] option. If the
content type for the signature request is
CR]application/pgp-signatureR], Wget2 will attempt to verify the
signature against the original file. By default, if a signature file
cannot be found (I.E. the request for it gets a 404 status code)
Wget2 will exit with an error code.
This behavior can be tuned using the following arguments: * CR]failR]:
This is the default, meaning that this is the value when you supply
the flag without an argument. Indicates that missing signature files
will cause Wget2 to exit with an error code. * CR]no-failR]: This
value allows missing signature files. A 404 message will still be
issued, but the program will exit normally (assuming no unrelated
errors).
Additionally, CR]--no-verify-sigR] disables signature checking
altogether CR]--no-verify-sigR] does not allow any arguments.
CR]--signature-extensionsR]
Specify the file extensions for signature files, without the leading
[lq].[rq]. You may specify multiple extensions as a comma separated
list. All the provided extensions will be tried simultaneously when
looking for the signature file. The default is [lq]sig[rq].
CR]--gnupg-homedirR]
Specifies the gnupg home directory to use when verifying PGP
signatures on downloaded files. The default for this is your
system[cq]s default home directory.
CR]--verify-save-failedR]
Instructs Wget2 to keep files that don[cq]t pass PGP signature
validation. The default is to delete files that fail validation.
CR]--xattrR]
Saves documents metadata as [lq]user POSIX Extended Attributes[rq]
(default: on). This feature only works if the file system supports
it. More info on
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https://freedesktop.org/wiki/CommonExtendedAttributes.
Wget2 currently sets * user.xdg.origin.url * user.xdg.referrer.url *
user.mime_type * user.charset
To display the extended attributes of a file (Linux): CR]getfattr -d
<file>R]
CR]--metalinkR]
Follow/process metalink URLs without saving them (default: on).
Metalink files describe downloads incl. mirrors, files, checksums,
signatures. This allows chunked downloads, automatically taking the
nearest mirrors, preferring the fastest mirrors and checking the
download for integrity.
CR]--fsync-policyR]
Enables disk syncing after each write (default: off).
CR]--http2-request-window=numberR]
Set max. number of parallel streams per HTTP/2 connection (default:
30).
CR]--keep-extensionR]
This option changes the behavior for creating a unique filename if a
file already exists.
The standard (default) pattern for file names is CR]<filename>.<N>R],
the new pattern is CR]<basename>_<N>.<ext>R].
The idea is to use such files without renaming when the use depends on
the extension, like on Windows.
This option doesn not change the behavior of CR]--backupsR].
Directory Options
CR]-ndR], CR]--no-directoriesR]
Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving recursively.
With this option turned on, all files will get saved to the current
directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the
filenames will get extensions .n).
CR]-xR], CR]--force-directoriesR]
The opposite of CR]-ndR]: create a hierarchy of directories, even if
one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. CR]wget2 -x
https://example.com/robots.txtR] will save the downloaded file to
CR]example.com/robots.txtR].
CR]-nHR], CR]--no-host-directoriesR]
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Disable generation of host-prefixed directories. By default, invoking
Wget2 with CR]-r https://example.com/R] will create a structure of
directories beginning with CR]example.com/R]. This option disables
such behavior.
CR]--protocol-directoriesR]
Use the protocol name as a directory component of local file names.
For example, with this option, CR]wget2 -r https://example.comR]
will save to CR]https/example.com/...R] rather than just to
CR]example.com/...R].
CR]--cut-dirs=numberR]
Ignore a number of directory components. This is useful for getting a
fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval will
be saved.
Take, for example, the directory at https://example.com/pub/sub/. If
you retrieve it with CR]-rR], it will be saved locally under
CR]example.com/pub/sub/R]. While the CR]-nHR] option can remove the
CR]example.com/R] part, you are still stuck with CR]pub/sub/R]. This
is where CR]--cut-dirsR] comes in handy; it makes Wget2 not
[lq]see[rq] a number of remote directory components. Here are several
examples of how CR]--cut-dirsR] option works. CR]No options ->
example.com/pub/sub/ --cut-dirs=1 -> example.com/sub/
--cut-dirs=2 -> example.com/ -nH -> pub/sub/
-nH --cut-dirs=1 -> sub/ -nH --cut-dirs=2 -> .R] If you just
want to get rid of the directory structure, this option is similar to
a combination of CR]-ndR] and CR]-PR]. However, unlike CR]-ndR],
CR]--cut-dirsR] does not lose with subdirectories. For instance, with
CR]-nH --cut-dirs=1R], a CR]beta/R] subdirectory will be placed to
CR]sub/beta/R], as one would expect.
CR]-P prefixR], CR]--directory-prefix=prefixR]
Set directory prefix to prefix. The directory prefix is the directory
where all other files and subdirectories will be saved to, i.e. the
top of the retrieval tree. The default is CR].R], the current
directory. If the directory CR]prefixR] doesn[cq]t exist, it will be
created.
HTTP Options
CR]--default-page=nameR]
Use name as the default file name when it isn[cq]t known (i.e., for
URLs that end in a slash), instead of CR]index.htmlR].
CR]--default-http-port=portR]
Set the default port for HTTP URLs (default: 80).
This is mainly for testing purposes.
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CR]--default-https-port=portR]
Set the default port for HTTPS URLs (default: 443).
This is mainly for testing purposes.
CR]-ER], CR]--adjust-extensionR]
If a file of type CR]application/xhtml+xmlR] or CR]text/htmlR] is
downloaded and the URL does not end with the regexp
CR][rs].[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?R], this option will cause the suffix
CR].htmlR] to be appended to the local filename. This is useful, for
instance, when you[cq]re mirroring a remote site that uses .asp pages,
but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable on your stock Apache
server. Another good use for this is when you[cq]re downloading
CGI-generated materials. A URL like
CR]https://example.com/article.cgi?25R] will be saved as
CR]article.cgi?25.htmlR].
Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every
time you re-mirror a site, because Wget2 can[cq]t tell that the local
CR]X.htmlR] file corresponds to remote URL X (since it doesn[cq]t yet
know that the URL produces output of type CR]text/htmlR] or
CR]application/xhtml+xmlR].
Wget2 will also ensure that any downloaded files of type CR]text/cssR]
end in the suffix CR].cssR].
At some point in the future, this option may well be expanded to
include suffixes for other types of content, including content types
that are not parsed by Wget.
CR]--http-user=userR], CR]--http-password=passwordR]
Specify the user and password for HTTP authentication. According to
the type of the challenge, Wget will encode them using either the
[lq]basic[rq] (insecure), the [lq]digest[rq], or the Windows
[lq]NTLM[rq] authentication scheme.
If possible, put your credentials into CR][ti]/.netrcR] (see also
CR]--netrcR] and CR]--netrc-fileR] options) or into CR].wget2rcR].
This is far more secure than using the command line which can be seen
by any other user. If the passwords are really important, do not
leave them lying in those files either. Edit the files and delete
them after Wget2 has started the download.
In CR][ti]/.netrcR] passwords may be double quoted to allow spaces.
Also, escape characters with a backslash if needed. A backslash in a
password always needs to be escaped, so use CR][rs][rs]R] instead of a
single CR][rs]R].
Also see CR]--use-askpassR] and CR]--ask-passwordR] for an interactive
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method to provide your password.
CR]--http-proxy-user=userR], CR]--http-proxy-password=passwordR]
Specify the user and password for HTTP proxy authentication. See
CR]--http-userR] for details.
CR]--http-proxy=proxiesR]
Set comma-separated list of HTTP proxies. The environment variable
`http_proxy' will be overridden.
Exceptions can be set via the environment variable `no_proxy' or via
CR]--no-proxyR].
CR]--https-proxy=proxiesR]
Set comma-separated list of HTTPS proxies. The environment variable
`https_proxy' will be overridden.
Exceptions can be set via the environment variable `no_proxy' or via
CR]--no-proxyR].
CR]--no-http-keep-aliveR]
Turn off the [lq]keep-alive[rq] feature for HTTP(S) downloads.
Normally, Wget2 asks the server to keep the connection open so that,
when you download more than one document from the same server, they
get transferred over the same TCP connection. This saves time and at
the same time reduces the load on the server.
This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent (keep-alive)
connections don[cq]t work for you, for example due to a server bug or
due to the inability of server-side scripts to cope with the
connections.
CR]--no-cacheR]
Disable server-side cache. In this case, Wget2 will send the remote
server appropriate directives (Cache-Control: no- cache and Pragma:
no-cache) to get the file from the remote service, rather than
returning the cached version. This is especially useful for
retrieving and flushing out-of-date documents on proxy servers.
Caching is allowed by default.
CR]--no-cookiesR]
Disable the use of cookies. Cookies are a mechanism for maintaining
server-side state. The server sends the client a cookie using the
[lq]Set-Cookie[rq] header, and the client responds with the same
cookie upon further requests. Since cookies allow the server owners
to keep track of visitors and for sites to exchange this information,
some consider them a breach of privacy. The default is to use
cookies; however, storing cookies is not on by default.
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CR]--load-cookies fileR]
Load cookies from CR]fileR] before the first HTTP(S) retrieval. file
is a textual file in the format originally used by Netscape[cq]s
cookies.txt file.
You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that require
that you be logged in to access some or all of their content. The
login process typically works by the web server issuing an HTTP cookie
upon receiving and verifying your credentials. The cookie is then
resent by the browser when accessing that part of the site, and so
proves your identity.
Mirroring such a site requires Wget2 to send the same cookies your
browser sends when communicating with the site. This is achieved by
CR]--load-cookiesR]: simply point Wget2 to the location of the
cookies.txt file, and it will send the same cookies your browser would
send in the same situation. Different browsers keep textual cookie
files in different locations:
[lq]Netscape 4.x.[rq] The cookies are in [ti]/.netscape/cookies.txt.
[lq]Mozilla and Netscape 6.x.[rq] Mozilla[cq]s cookie file is also
named cookies.txt, located somewhere under [ti]/.mozilla, in the
directory of your profile. The full path usually ends up looking
somewhat like [ti]/.mozilla/default/some-weird- string/cookies.txt.
[lq]Internet Explorer.[rq] You can produce a cookie file Wget2 can use
by using the File menu, Import and Export, Export Cookies. This has
been tested with Internet Explorer 5; it is not guaranteed to work
with earlier versions.
[lq]Other browsers.[rq] If you are using a different browser to create
your cookies, CR]--load-cookiesR] will only work if you can locate or
produce a cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget2 expects.
If you cannot use CR]--load-cookiesR], there might still be an
alternative. If your browser supports a [lq]cookie manager[rq], you
can use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you[cq]re
mirroring. Write down the name and value of the cookie, and manually
instruct Wget2 to send those cookies, bypassing the [lq]official[rq]
cookie support:
wget2 --no-cookies --header [dq]Cookie: <name>=<value>[dq]
CR]--save-cookies fileR]
Save cookies to CR]fileR] before exiting. This will not save cookies
that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called [lq]session
cookies[rq]), but also see CR]--keep-session-cookiesR].
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CR]--keep-session-cookiesR]
When specified, causes CR]--save-cookiesR] to also save session
cookies. Session cookies are normally not saved because they are
meant to be kept in memory and forgotten when you exit the browser.
Saving them is useful on sites that require you to log in or to visit
the home page before you can access some pages. With this option,
multiple Wget2 runs are considered a single browser session as far as
the site is concerned.
Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session cookies,
Wget2 marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget2[cq]s
CR]--load-cookiesR] recognizes those as session cookies, but it might
confuse other browsers. Also note that cookies so loaded will be
treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want
CR]--save-cookiesR] to preserve them again, you must use
CR]--keep-session-cookiesR] again.
CR]--cookie-suffixes=fileR]
Load the public suffixes used for cookie checking from the given file.
Normally, the underlying libpsl loads this data from a system file or
it has the data built in. In some cases you might want to load an
updated PSL, e.g. from
https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat.
The PSL allows to prevent setting of [lq]super-cookies[rq] that lead
to cookie privacy leakage. More details can be found on
https://publicsuffix.org/.
CR]--ignore-lengthR]
Unfortunately, some HTTP servers (CGI programs, to be more precise)
send out bogus [lq]Content-Length[rq] headers, which makes Wget2 go
wild, as it thinks not all the document was retrieved. You can spot
this syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again and
again, each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has
closed on the very same byte.
With this option, Wget2 will ignore the [lq]Content-Length[rq] header
as if it never existed.
CR]--header=header-lineR]
Send header-line along with the rest of the headers in each HTTP
request. The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it must
contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain
newlines.
You may define more than one additional header by specifying
CR]--headerR] more than once.
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wget2 --header=[aq]Accept-Charset: iso-8859-2[aq] [rs]
--header=[aq]Accept-Language: hr[aq] [rs]
https://example.com/
Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all
previous user-defined headers.
This option can be used to override headers otherwise generated
automatically. This example instructs Wget2 to connect to localhost,
but to specify CR]example.comR] in the [lq]Host[rq] header:
wget2 --header=[dq]Host: example.com[dq] http://localhost/
CR]--max-redirect=numberR]
Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a resource.
The default is 20, which is usually far more than necessary. However,
on those occasions where you want to allow more (or fewer), this is
the option to use.
CR]--proxy-user=userR], CR]--proxy-password=passwordR] [Not implemented,
use CR]--http-proxy-passwordR]]
Specify the username user and password password for authentication on
a proxy server. Wget2 will encode them using the [lq]basic[rq]
authentication scheme.
Security considerations similar to those with CR]--http-passwordR]
pertain here as well.
CR]--referer=urlR]
Include [ga]Referer: url[cq] header in HTTP request. Useful for
retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they are
always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only come out
properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that point to them.
CR]--save-headersR]
Save the headers sent by the HTTP server to the file, preceding the
actual contents, with an empty line as the separator.
CR]-U agent-stringR], CR]--user-agent=agent-stringR]
Identify as agent-string to the HTTP server.
The HTTP protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a
[lq]User-Agent[rq] header field. This enables distinguishing the WWW
software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of protocol
violations. Wget normally identifies as Wget/version, version being
the current version number of Wget.
However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of tailoring
the output according to the [lq]User-Agent[rq]-supplied information.
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While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has been abused by
servers denying information to clients other than (historically)
Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet Explorer. This
option allows you to change the [lq]User-Agent[rq] line issued by
Wget. Use of this option is discouraged, unless you really know what
you are doing.
Specifying empty user agent with CR]--user-agent=[dq][dq]R] instructs
Wget2 not to send the [lq]User-Agent[rq] header in HTTP requests.
CR]--post-data=stringR], CR]--post-file=fileR]
Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the specified
data in the request body. [en]post-data sends string as data, whereas
CR]--post-fileR] sends the contents of file. Other than that, they
work in exactly the same way. In particular, they both expect content
of the form [lq]key1=value1&key2=value2[rq], with percent-encoding for
special characters; the only difference is that one expects its
content as a command-line parameter and the other accepts its content
from a file. In particular, CR]--post-fileR] is not for transmitting
files as form attachments: those must appear as [lq]key=value[rq] data
(with appropriate percent-coding) just like everything else. Wget2
does not currently support [lq]multipart/form-data[rq] for
transmitting POST data; only
[lq]application/x-www-form-urlencoded[rq]. Only one of
CR]--post-dataR] and CR]--post-fileR] should be specified.
Please note that wget2 does not require the content to be of the form
[lq]key1=value1&key2=value2[rq], and neither does it test for it.
Wget2 will simply transmit whatever data is provided to it. Most
servers however expect the POST data to be in the above format when
processing HTML Forms.
When sending a POST request using the CR]--post-fileR] option, Wget2
treats the file as a binary file and will send every character in the
POST request without stripping trailing newline or formfeed
characters. Any other control characters in the text will also be
sent as-is in the POST request.
Please be aware that Wget2 needs to know the size of the POST data in
advance. Therefore the argument to CR]--post-fileR] must be a regular
file; specifying a FIFO or something like /dev/stdin won[cq]t work.
It[cq]s not quite clear how to work around this limitation inherent in
HTTP/1.0. Although HTTP/1.1 introduces chunked transfer that
doesn[cq]t require knowing the request length in advance, a client
can[cq]t use chunked unless it knows it[cq]s talking to an HTTP/1.1
server. And it can[cq]t know that until it receives a response, which
in turn requires the request to have been completed [en] a
chicken-and-egg problem.
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If Wget2 is redirected after the POST request is completed, its
behaviour depends on the response code returned by the server. In
case of a 301 Moved Permanently, 302 Moved Temporarily or 307
Temporary Redirect, Wget2 will, in accordance with RFC2616, continue
to send a POST request. In case a server wants the client to change
the Request method upon redirection, it should send a 303 See Other
response code.
This example shows how to log in to a server using POST and then
proceed to download the desired pages, presumably only accessible to
authorized users:
# Log in to the server. This can be done only once.
wget2 --save-cookies cookies.txt [rs]
--post-data [aq]user=foo&password=bar[aq] [rs]
http://example.com/auth.php
# Now grab the page or pages we care about.
wget2 --load-cookies cookies.txt [rs]
-p http://example.com/interesting/article.php
If the server is using session cookies to track user authentication,
the above will not work because CR]--save-cookiesR] will not save them
(and neither will browsers) and the cookies.txt file will be empty.
In that case use CR]--keep-session-cookiesR] along with
CR]--save-cookiesR] to force saving of session cookies.
CR]--method=HTTP-MethodR]
For the purpose of RESTful scripting, Wget2 allows sending of other
HTTP Methods without the need to explicitly set them using
CR]--header=Header-LineR]. Wget2 will use whatever string is passed
to it after CR]--methodR] as the HTTP Method to the server.
CR]--body-data=Data-StringR], CR]--body-file=Data-FileR]
Must be set when additional data needs to be sent to the server along
with the Method specified using CR]--methodR]. CR]--body-dataR] sends
string as data, whereas CR]--body-fileR] sends the contents of file.
Other than that, they work in exactly the same way.
Currently, CR]--body-fileR] is not for transmitting files as a whole.
Wget2 does not currently support [lq]multipart/form-data[rq] for
transmitting data; only [lq]application/x-www-form-urlencoded[rq]. In
the future, this may be changed so that wget2 sends the
CR]--body-fileR] as a complete file instead of sending its contents to
the server. Please be aware that Wget2 needs to know the contents of
BODY Data in advance, and hence the argument to CR]--body-fileR]
should be a regular file. See CR]--post-fileR] for a more detailed
explanation. Only one of CR]--body-dataR] and CR]--body-fileR] should
be specified.
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If Wget2 is redirected after the request is completed, Wget2 will
suspend the current method and send a GET request till the redirection
is completed. This is true for all redirection response codes except
307 Temporary Redirect which is used to explicitly specify that the
request method should not change. Another exception is when the
method is set to [lq]POST[rq], in which case the redirection rules
specified under CR]--post-dataR] are followed.
CR]--content-dispositionR]
If this is set to on, experimental (not fully-functional) support for
[lq]Content-Disposition[rq] headers is enabled. This can currently
result in extra round-trips to the server for a [lq]HEAD[rq] request,
and is known to suffer from a few bugs, which is why it is not
currently enabled by default.
This option is useful for some file-downloading CGI programs that use
[lq]Content-Disposition[rq] headers to describe what the name of a
downloaded file should be.
CR]--content-on-errorR]
If this is set to on, wget2 will not skip the content when the server
responds with a http status code that indicates error.
CR]--save-content-onR]
This takes a comma-separated list of HTTP status codes to save the
content for.
You can use [cq]*[cq] for ANY. An exclamation mark (!) in front of a
code means `exception'.
Example 1: CR]--save-content-on=[dq]*,!404[dq]R] would save the
content on any HTTP status, except for 404.
Example 2: CR]--save-content-on=404R] would save the content only on
HTTP status 404.
The older CR]--content-on-errorR] behaves like
CR]--save-content-on=*R].
CR]--trust-server-namesR]
If this is set to on, on a redirect the last component of the
redirection URL will be used as the local file name. By default it is
used the last component in the original URL.
CR]--auth-no-challengeR]
If this option is given, Wget2 will send Basic HTTP authentication
information (plaintext username and password) for all requests.
Use of this option is not recommended, and is intended only to support
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some few obscure servers, which never send HTTP authentication
challenges, but accept unsolicited auth info, say, in addition to
form-based authentication.
CR]--compression=TYPER]
If this TYPE(CR]identityR], CR]gzipR], CR]deflateR], CR]xzR],
CR]lzmaR], CR]brR], CR]bzip2R], CR]zstdR], CR]lzipR] or any
combination of it) is given, Wget2 will set [lq]Accept-Encoding[rq]
header accordingly. CR]--no-compressionR] means no
[lq]Accept-Encoding[rq] header at all. To set [lq]Accept-Encoding[rq]
to a custom value, use CR]--no-compressionR] in combination with
CR]--header=[dq]Accept-Encoding: xxx[dq]R].
Compatibility-Note: CR]noneR] type in Wget 1.X has the same meaning as
CR]identityR] type in Wget2.
CR]--download-attr=[strippath|usepath]R]
The CR]downloadR] HTML5 attribute may specify (or better: suggest) a
file name for the CR]hrefR] URL in CR]aR] and CR]areaR] tags. This
option tells Wget2 to make use of this file name when saving. The two
possible values are `strippath' to strip the path from the file name.
This is the default.
The value `usepath' takes the file name as as including the directory.
This is very dangerous and we can[cq]t stress enough not to use it on
untrusted input or servers ! Only use this if you really trust the
input or the server.
HTTPS (SSL/TLS) Options
To support encrypted HTTP (HTTPS) downloads, Wget2 must be compiled
with an external SSL library. The current default is GnuTLS. In
addition, Wget2 also supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security).
If Wget2 is compiled without SSL support, none of these options are
available.
CR]--secure-protocol=protocolR]
Choose the secure protocol to be used (default: CR]autoR]).
Legal values are CR]autoR], CR]SSLv3R], CR]TLSv1R], CR]TLSv1_1R],
CR]TLSv1_2R], CR]TLSv1_3R] and CR]PFSR].
If CR]autoR] is used, the TLS library[cq]s default is used.
Specifying CR]SSLv3R] forces the use of the SSL3. This is useful when
talking to old and buggy SSL server implementations that make it hard
for the underlying TLS library to choose the correct protocol version.
Specifying CR]PFSR] enforces the use of the so-called Perfect Forward
Security cipher suites. In short, PFS adds security by creating a
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one-time key for each TLS connection. It has a bit more CPU impact on
client and server. We use known to be secure ciphers (e.g. no MD4)
and the TLS protocol.
CR]TLSv1R] enables TLS1.0 or higher. CR]TLSv1_1R] enables TLS1.1 or
higher. CR]TLSv1_2R] enables TLS1.2 or higher. CR]TLSv1_3R] enables
TLS1.3 or higher.
Any other protocol string is directly given to the TLS library,
currently GnuTLS, as a [lq]priority[rq] or [lq]cipher[rq] string.
This is for users who know what they are doing.
CR]--https-onlyR]
When in recursive mode, only HTTPS links are followed.
CR]--no-check-certificateR]
Don[cq]t check the server certificate against the available
certificate authorities. Also don[cq]t require the URL host name to
match the common name presented by the certificate.
The default is to verify the server[cq]s certificate against the
recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL handshake and
aborting the download if the verification fails. Although this
provides more secure downloads, it does break interoperability with
some sites that worked with previous Wget versions, particularly those
using self-signed, expired, or otherwise invalid certificates. This
option forces an [lq]insecure[rq] mode of operation that turns the
certificate verification errors into warnings and allows you to
proceed.
If you encounter [lq]certificate verification[rq] errors or ones
saying that [lq]common name doesn[cq]t match requested host name[rq],
you can use this option to bypass the verification and proceed with
the download. Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of
the site[cq]s authenticity, or if you really don[cq]t care about the
validity of its certificate. It is almost always a bad idea not to
check the certificates when transmitting confidential or important
data. For self-signed/internal certificates, you should download the
certificate and verify against that instead of forcing this insecure
mode. If you are really sure of not desiring any certificate
verification, you can specify CR]--check-certificate=quietR] to tell
Wget2 to not print any warning about invalid certificates, albeit in
most cases this is the wrong thing to do.
CR]--certificate=fileR]
Use the client certificate stored in file. This is needed for servers
that are configured to require certificates from the clients that
connect to them. Normally a certificate is not required and this
switch is optional.
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CR]--certificate-type=typeR]
Specify the type of the client certificate. Legal values are PEM
(assumed by default) and DER, also known as ASN1.
CR]--private-key=fileR]
Read the private key from file. This allows you to provide the
private key in a file separate from the certificate.
CR]--private-key-type=typeR]
Specify the type of the private key. Accepted values are PEM (the
default) and DER.
CR]--ca-certificate=fileR]
Use file as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities
([lq]CA[rq]) to verify the peers. The certificates must be in PEM
format.
Without this option Wget2 looks for CA certificates at the
system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.
CR]--ca-directory=directoryR]
Specifies directory containing CA certificates in PEM format. Each
file contains one CA certificate, and the file name is based on a hash
value derived from the certificate. This is achieved by processing a
certificate directory with the [lq]c_rehash[rq] utility supplied with
OpenSSL. Using CR]--ca-directoryR] is more efficient than
CR]--ca-certificateR] when many certificates are installed because it
allows Wget2 to fetch certificates on demand.
Without this option Wget2 looks for CA certificates at the
system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.
CR]--crl-file=fileR]
Specifies a CRL file in file. This is needed for certificates that
have been revocated by the CAs.
CR]--random-file=fileR]
[OpenSSL and LibreSSL only] Use file as the source of random data for
seeding the pseudo-random number generator on systems without
/dev/urandom.
On such systems the SSL library needs an external source of randomness
to initialize. Randomness may be provided by EGD (see [en]egd-file
below) or read from an external source specified by the user. If this
option is not specified, Wget2 looks for random data in $RANDFILE or,
if that is unset, in $HOME/.rnd.
If you[cq]re getting the [lq]Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling
SSL.[rq] error, you should provide random data using some of the
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methods described above.
CR]--egd-file=fileR]
[OpenSSL only] Use file as the EGD socket. EGD stands for Entropy
Gathering Daemon, a user-space program that collects data from various
unpredictable system sources and makes it available to other programs
that might need it. Encryption software, such as the SSL library,
needs sources of non-repeating randomness to seed the random number
generator used to produce cryptographically strong keys.
OpenSSL allows the user to specify his own source of entropy using the
[lq]RAND_FILE[rq] environment variable. If this variable is unset, or
if the specified file does not produce enough randomness, OpenSSL will
read random data from EGD socket specified using this option.
If this option is not specified (and the equivalent startup command is
not used), EGD is never contacted. EGD is not needed on modern Unix
systems that support /dev/urandom.
CR]--hstsR]
Wget2 supports HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security, RFC 6797) by
default. Use CR]--no-hstsR] to make Wget2 act as a non-HSTS-compliant
UA. As a consequence, Wget2 would ignore all the
[lq]Strict-Transport-Security[rq] headers, and would not enforce any
existing HSTS policy.
CR]--hsts-file=fileR]
By default, Wget2 stores its HSTS data in
CR]$XDG_DATA_HOME/wget/.wget-hstsR] or, if XDG_DATA_HOME is not set,
in CR][ti]/.local/wget/.wget-hstsR]. You can use CR]--hsts-fileR] to
override this.
Wget2 will use the supplied file as the HSTS database. Such file must
conform to the correct HSTS database format used by Wget. If Wget2
cannot parse the provided file, the behaviour is unspecified.
To disable persistent storage use CR]--no-hsts-fileR].
The Wget2[cq]s HSTS database is a plain text file. Each line contains
an HSTS entry (ie. a site that has issued a
[lq]Strict-Transport-Security[rq] header and that therefore has
specified a concrete HSTS policy to be applied). Lines starting with
a dash ([lq]#[rq]) are ignored by Wget. Please note that in spite of
this convenient human-readability hand-hacking the HSTS database is
generally not a good idea.
An HSTS entry line consists of several fields separated by one or more
whitespace:
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<hostname> SP [<port>] SP <include subdomains> SP <created> SP
<max-age>
The hostname and port fields indicate the hostname and port to which
the given HSTS policy applies. The port field may be zero, and it
will, in most of the cases. That means that the port number will not
be taken into account when deciding whether such HSTS policy should be
applied on a given request (only the hostname will be evaluated).
When port is different to zero, both the target hostname and the port
will be evaluated and the HSTS policy will only be applied if both of
them match. This feature has been included for testing/development
purposes only. The Wget2 testsuite (in testenv/) creates HSTS
databases with explicit ports with the purpose of ensuring Wget2[cq]s
correct behaviour. Applying HSTS policies to ports other than the
default ones is discouraged by RFC 6797 (see Appendix B
[lq]Differences between HSTS Policy and Same-Origin Policy[rq]).
Thus, this functionality should not be used in production environments
and port will typically be zero. The last three fields do what they
are expected to. The field include_subdomains can either be 1 or 0
and it signals whether the subdomains of the target domain should be
part of the given HSTS policy as well. The created and max-age fields
hold the timestamp values of when such entry was created (first seen
by Wget) and the HSTS-defined value `max-age', which states how long
should that HSTS policy remain active, measured in seconds elapsed
since the timestamp stored in created. Once that time has passed,
that HSTS policy will no longer be valid and will eventually be
removed from the database.
If you supply your own HSTS database via CR]--hsts-fileR], be aware
that Wget2 may modify the provided file if any change occurs between
the HSTS policies requested by the remote servers and those in the
file. When Wget2 exits, it effectively updates the HSTS database by
rewriting the database file with the new entries.
If the supplied file does not exist, Wget2 will create one. This file
will contain the new HSTS entries. If no HSTS entries were generated
(no [lq]Strict-Transport-Security[rq] headers were sent by any of the
servers) then no file will be created, not even an empty one. This
behaviour applies to the default database file ([ti]/.wget-hsts) as
well: it will not be created until some server enforces an HSTS
policy.
Care is taken not to override possible changes made by other Wget2
processes at the same time over the HSTS database. Before dumping the
updated HSTS entries on the file, Wget2 will re-read it and merge the
changes.
Using a custom HSTS database and/or modifying an existing one is
discouraged. For more information about the potential security
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GNU Wget2 2.2.0 GNU Wget2 2.2.0
threats arose from such practice, see section 14 [lq]Security
Considerations[rq] of RFC 6797, specially section 14.9 [lq]Creative
Manipulation of HSTS Policy Store[rq].
CR]--hsts-preloadR]
Enable loading of a HSTS Preload List as supported by libhsts.
(default: on, if built with libhsts).
CR]--hsts-preload-file=fileR]
If built with libhsts, Wget2 uses the HSTS data provided by the
distribution. If there is no such support by the distribution or if
you want to load your own file, use this option.
The data file must be in DAFSA format as generated by libhsts[cq] tool
CR]hsts-make-dafsaR].
CR]--hpkpR]
Enable HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) (default: on).
This is a Trust On First Use (TOFU) mechanism to add another security
layer to HTTPS (RFC 7469).
The certificate key data of a previously established TLS session will
be compared with the current data. In case both doesn[cq]t match, the
connection will be terminated.
CR]--hpkp-file=fileR]
By default, Wget2 stores its HPKP data in
CR]$XDG_DATA_HOME/wget/.wget-hpkpR] or, if XDG_DATA_HOME is not set,
in CR][ti]/.local/wget/.wget-hpkpR]. You can use CR]--hpkp-fileR] to
override this.
Wget2 will use the supplied file as the HPKP database. Such file must
conform to the correct HPKP database format used by Wget. If Wget2
cannot parse the provided file, the behaviour is unspecified.
To disable persistent storage use CR]--no-hpkp-fileR].
CR]--tls-resumeR]
Enable TLS Session Resumption which is disabled as default.
For TLS Session Resumption the session data of a previously
established TLS session is needed.
There are several security flaws related to TLS 1.2 session resumption
which are explained in detail at:
https://web.archive.org/web/20171103231804/https://blog.filippo.io/we-need-to-talk-about-session-tickets/
CR]--tls-session-file=fileR]
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By default, Wget2 stores its TLS Session data in
CR]$XDG_DATA_HOME/wget/.wget-sessionR] or, if XDG_DATA_HOME is not
set, in CR][ti]/.local/wget/.wget-sessionR]. You can use
CR]--tls-session-fileR] to override this.
Wget2 will use the supplied file as the TLS Session database. Such
file must conform to the correct TLS Session database format used by
Wget. If Wget2 cannot parse the provided file, the behaviour is
unspecified.
To disable persistent storage use CR]--no-tls-session-fileR].
CR]--tls-false-startR]
Enable TLS False start (default: on).
This reduces TLS negotiation by one RT and thus speeds up HTTPS
connections.
More details at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7918.
CR]--check-hostnameR]
Enable TLS SNI verification (default: on).
CR]--ocspR]
Enable OCSP server access to check the possible revocation the HTTPS
server certificate(s) (default: off).
This procedure is pretty slow (connect to server, HTTP request,
response) and thus we support OSCP stapling (server sends OCSP
response within TLS handshake) and persistent OCSP caching.
CR]--ocsp-dateR]
Check if OCSP response is too old. (default: on)
CR]--ocsp-nonceR]
Allow nonce checking when verifying OCSP response. (default: on)
CR]--ocsp-serverR]
Set OCSP server address (default: OCSP server given in certificate).
CR]--ocsp-staplingR]
Enable support for OCSP stapling (default: on).
CR]--ocsp-file=fileR]
By default, Wget2 stores its TLS Session data in
CR]$XDG_DATA_HOME/wget/.wget-ocspR] or, if XDG_DATA_HOME is not set,
in CR][ti]/.local/wget/.wget-ocspR]. You can use CR]--ocsp-fileR] to
override this.
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Wget2 will use the supplied file as the OCSP database. Such file must
conform to the correct OCSP database format used by Wget. If Wget2
cannot parse the provided file, the behaviour is unspecified.
To disable persistent OCSP caching use CR]--no-ocsp-fileR].
CR]--daneR] (experimental)
Enable DANE certificate verification (default: off).
In case the server verification fails due to missing CA certificates
(e.g. empty certification pool), this option enables checking the TLSA
DNS entries via DANE.
You should have DNSSEC set up to avoid MITM attacks. Also, the
destination host[cq]s DNS entries need to be set up for DANE.
Warning: This option or its behavior may change or may be removed
without further notice.
CR]--http2R]
Enable HTTP/2 protocol (default: on).
Wget2 requests HTTP/2 via ALPN. If available it is preferred over
HTTP/1.1. Up to 30 streams are used in parallel within a single
connection.
CR]--http2-onlyR]
Resist on using HTTP/2 and error if a server doesn[cq]t accept it.
This is mainly for testing.
CR]--https-enforce=modeR]
Sets how to deal with URLs that are not explicitly HTTPS (where scheme
isn[cq]t https://) (default: none)
mode=none
Use HTTP for URLs without scheme. In recursive operation the scheme
of the parent document is taken as default.
mode=soft
Try HTTPS first when the scheme is HTTP or not given. On failure fall
back to HTTP.
mode=hard
Only use HTTPS, no matter if a HTTP scheme is given or not. Do not
fall back to HTTP.
Recursive Retrieval Options
CR]-rR], CR]--recursiveR]
Turn on recursive retrieving. The default maximum depth is 5.
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CR]-l depthR], CR]--level=depthR]
Specify recursion maximum depth level depth.
CR]--delete-afterR]
This option tells Wget2 to delete every single file it downloads,
after having done so. It is useful for pre- fetching popular pages
through a proxy, e.g.:
wget2 -r -nd --delete-after
https://example.com/[ti]popular/page/
The CR]-rR] option is to retrieve recursively, and CR]-ndR] to not
create directories.
Note that when [en]delete-after is specified, CR]--convert-linksR] is
ignored, so .orig files are simply not created in the first place.
CR]-kR], CR]--convert-linksR]
After the download is complete, convert the links in the document to
make them suitable for local viewing. This affects not only the
visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to
external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets,
hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc.
Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:
1. The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget2 will be
changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link.
Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to
/bar/img.gif, also downloaded, then the link in doc.html will be
modified to point to ../bar/img.gif. This kind of transformation
works reliably for arbitrary combinations of directories.
2. The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget2 will be
changed to include host name and absolute path of the location they
point to.
Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to
/bar/img.gif (or to ../bar/img.gif), then the link in doc.html
will be modified to point to CR]https://example.com/bar/img.gifR].
Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file was
downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was not
downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address rather
than presenting a broken link. The fact that the former links are
converted to relative links ensures that you can move the downloaded
hierarchy to another directory.
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Note that only at the end of the download can Wget2 know which links
have been downloaded. Because of that, the work done by CR]-kR] will
be performed at the end of all the downloads.
CR]--convert-file-onlyR]
This option converts only the filename part of the URLs, leaving the
rest of the URLs untouched. This filename part is sometimes referred
to as the [lq]basename[rq], although we avoid that term here in order
not to cause confusion.
It works particularly well in conjunction with
CR]--adjust-extensionR], although this coupling is not enforced. It
proves useful to populate Internet caches with files downloaded from
different hosts.
Example: if some link points to //foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz with
CR]--adjust-extensionR] asserted and its local destination is intended
to be ./foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css, then the link would be converted to
//foo.com/bar.cgi?xyz.css. Note that only the filename part has been
modified. The rest of the URL has been left untouched, including the
net path ([lq]//[rq]) which would otherwise be processed by Wget2 and
converted to the effective scheme (ie. [lq]https://[rq]).
CR]-KR], CR]--backup-convertedR]
When converting a file, back up the original version with a .orig
suffix. Affects the behavior of CR]-NR].
CR]-mR], CR]--mirrorR]
Turn on options suitable for mirroring. This option turns on
recursion and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth. It is
currently equivalent to CR]-r -N -l infR].
CR]-pR], CR]--page-requisitesR]
This option causes Wget2 to download all the files that are necessary
to properly display a given HTML page. This includes such things as
inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets.
Ordinarily, when downloading a single HTML page, any requisite
documents that may be needed to display it properly are not
downloaded. Using CR]-rR] together with CR]-lR] can help, but since
Wget2 does not ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined
documents, one is generally left with [lq]leaf documents[rq] that are
missing their requisites.
For instance, say document CR]1.htmlR] contains an CR]<IMG>R] tag
referencing CR]1.gifR] and an CR]<A>R] tag pointing to external
document CR]2.htmlR]. Say that CR]2.htmlR] is similar but that its
image is CR]2.gifR] and it links to CR]3.htmlR]. Say this continues
up to some arbitrarily high number.
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If one executes the command:
wget2 -r -l 2 https://<site>/1.html
then 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, 2.gif, and 3.html will be downloaded. As
you can see, 3.html is without its requisite 3.gif because Wget2 is
simply counting the number of hops (up to 2) away from 1.html in order
to determine where to stop the recursion. However, with this command:
wget2 -r -l 2 -p https://<site>/1.html
all the above files and 3.html[cq]s requisite 3.gif will be
downloaded. Similarly,
wget2 -r -l 1 -p https://<site>/1.html
will cause 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, and 2.gif to be downloaded. One
might think that:
wget2 -r -l 0 -p https://<site>/1.html
would download just 1.html and 1.gif, but unfortunately this is not
the case, because CR]-l 0R] is equivalent to CR]-lR] inf, that is,
infinite recursion. To download a single HTML page (or a handful of
them, all specified on the command-line or in a CR]-iR] URL input
file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off CR]-rR] and
CR]-lR]:
wget2 -p https://<site>/1.html
Note that Wget2 will behave as if CR]-rR] had been specified, but only
that single page and its requisites will be downloaded. Links from
that page to external documents will not be followed. Actually, to
download a single page and all its requisites (even if they exist on
separate websites), and make sure the lot displays properly locally,
this author likes to use a few options in addition to CR]-pR]:
wget2 -E -H -k -K -p https://<site>/<document>
To finish off this topic, it[cq]s worth knowing that Wget2[cq]s idea
of an external document link is any URL specified in an CR]<A>R] tag,
an CR]<AREA>R] tag, or a CR]<LINK>R] tag other than CR]<LINK
REL=[dq]stylesheet[dq]>R].
CR]--strict-commentsR]
Obsolete option for compatibility with Wget1.x. Wget2 always
terminates comments at the first occurrence of CR]-->R], as popular
browsers do.
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CR]--robotsR]
Enable the Robots Exclusion Standard (default: on).
For each visited domain, follow rules specified in CR]/robots.txtR].
You should respect the domain owner[cq]s rules and turn this off only
for very good reasons.
Whether enabled or disabled, the CR]robots.txtR] file is downloaded
and scanned for sitemaps. These are lists of pages / files available
for download that not necessarily are available via recursive
scanning.
This behavior can be switched off by CR]--no-follow-sitemapsR].
Recursive Accept/Reject Options
CR]-A acclistR], CR]--accept=acclistR], CR]-R rejlistR],
CR]--reject=rejlistR]
Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to
accept or reject. Note that if any of the wildcard characters, CR]*,
?, [, ]R], appear in an element of acclist or rejlist, it will be
treated as a pattern, rather than a suffix. In this case, you have to
enclose the pattern into quotes to prevent your shell from expanding
it, like in CR]-A [dq]*.mp3[dq]R] or CR]-A [aq]*.mp3[aq]R].
CR]--accept-regex=urlregexR], CR]--reject-regex=urlregexR]
Specify a regular expression to accept or reject file names.
CR]--regex-type=regextypeR]
Specify the regular expression type. Possible types are posix or
pcre. Note that to be able to use pcre type, wget2 has to be compiled
with libpcre support.
CR]--filter-urlsR]
Apply the accept and reject filters on the URL before starting a
download.
CR]-D domain-listR], CR]--domains=domain-listR]
Set domains to be followed. domain-list is a comma-separated list of
domains. Note that it does not turn on CR]-HR].
CR]--exclude-domains=domain-listR]
Specify the domains that are not to be followed.
CR]--follow-sitemapsR]
Parsing the sitemaps from CR]robots.txtR] and follow the links.
(default: on).
This option is on for recursive downloads whether you specify
CR]--robotsR] or CR]-no-robotsR]. Following the URLs found in
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sitemaps can be switched off with CR]--no-follow-sitemapsR].
CR]--follow-tags=listR]
Wget2 has an internal table of HTML tag / attribute pairs that it
considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive
retrieval. If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be
considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a
comma-separated list with this option.
CR]--ignore-tags=listR]
This is the opposite of the CR]--follow-tagsR] option. To skip
certain HTML tags when recursively looking for documents to download,
specify them in a comma-separated list.
In the past, this option was the best bet for downloading a single
page and its requisites, using a command-line like:
wget2 --ignore-tags=a,area -H -k -K -r
https://<site>/<document>
However, the author of this option came across a page with tags like
[lq][rq] and came to the realization that specifying tags to ignore
was not enough. One can[cq]t just tell Wget2 to ignore [lq][rq],
because then stylesheets will not be downloaded. Now the best bet for
downloading a single page and its requisites is the dedicated
CR]--page-requisitesR] option.
CR]--ignore-caseR]
Ignore case when matching files and directories. This influences the
behavior of CR]-RR], CR]-AR], CR]-IR], and CR]-XR] options. For
example, with this option, CR]-AR] [lq]*.txt[rq] will match file1.txt,
but also file2.TXT, file3.TxT, and so on. The quotes in the example
are to prevent the shell from expanding the pattern.
CR]-HR], CR]--span-hostsR]
Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving.
CR]-LR], CR]--relativeR] [Not implemented yet]
Follow relative links only. Useful for retrieving a specific home
page without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts.
CR]-I listR], CR]--include-directories=listR]
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
downloading. Elements of the list may contain wildcards.
wget2 -r https://webpage.domain --include-directories=*/pub/*/
Please keep in mind that CR]*/pub/*/R] is the same as CR]/*/pub/*/R]
and that it matches directories, not strings. This means that
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CR]*/pubR] doesn[cq]t affect files contained at
e.g. CR]/directory/something/pubR] but CR]/pub/*R] matches every
subdir of CR]/pubR].
CR]-X listR], CR]--exclude-directories=listR]
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
download. Elements of the list may contain wildcards.
wget2 -r https://gnu.org --exclude-directories=/software
CR]-IR] / CR]-XR] combinations
Please be aware that the behavior of this combination of flags works
slightly different than in wget1.x.
If CR]-IR] is given first, the default is `exclude all'. If CR]-XR]
is given first, the default is `include all'.
Multiple CR]-IR]/CR]-XR] options are processed `first to last'. The
last match is relevant.
Example: [ga]-I /pub -X /pub/trash[ga] would download all from
/pub/ except from /pub/trash.
Example: [ga]-X /pub -I /pub/important[ga] would download all
except from /pub where only /pub/important would be downloaded.
To reset the list (e.g. to ignore CR]-IR]/CR]-XR] from CR].wget2rcR]
files) use CR]--no-include-directoriesR] or
CR]--no-exclude-directoriesR].
CR]-npR], CR]--no-parentR]
Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving
recursively. This is a useful option, since it guarantees that only
the files below a certain hierarchy will be downloaded.
CR]--filter-mime-type=listR]
Specify a comma-separated list of MIME types that will be downloaded.
Elements of list may contain wildcards. If a MIME type starts with
the character `!' it won[cq]t be downloaded, this is useful when
trying to download something with exceptions. If server doesn[cq]t
specify the MIME type of a file it will be considered as
`application/octet-stream'. For example, download everything except
images:
wget2 -r https://<site>/<document>
--filter-mime-type=*,[rs]!image/*
It is also useful to download files that are compatible with an
application of your system. For instance, download every file that is
compatible with LibreOffice Writer from a website using the recursive
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mode:
wget2 -r https://<site>/<document> --filter-mime-type=$(sed -r
[aq]/[ha]MimeType=/!d;s/[ha]MimeType=//;s/;/,/g[aq]
/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-writer.desktop)
Plugin Options
CR]--list-pluginsR]
Print a list all available plugins and exit.
CR]--local-plugin=fileR]
Load CR]fileR] as plugin.
CR]--plugin=nameR]
Load a plugin with a given CR]nameR] from the configured plugin
directories.
CR]--plugin-dirs=directoriesR]
Set plugin directories. CR]directoriesR] is a comma-separated list of
directories.
CR]--plugin-helpR]
Print the help messages from all loaded plugins.
CR]--plugin-opt=optionR]
Set a plugin specific command line option.
CR]optionR] is in the format CR]<plugin_name>.<option>[=value]R].
Environment
Wget2 supports proxies for both HTTP and HTTPS retrievals. The
standard way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is
using the following environment variables:
CR]http_proxyR]
CR]https_proxyR]
If set, the CR]http_proxyR] and CR]https_proxyR] variables should
contain the URLs of the proxies for HTTP and HTTPS connections
respectively.
CR]no_proxyR]
This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain
extensions CR]proxyR] should not be used for. For instance, if the
value of CR]no_proxyR] is CR].example.comR], CR]proxyR] will not be
used to retrieve documents from CR]*.example.comR].
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Exit Status
Wget2 may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems.
0 No problems occurred.
1 Generic error code.
2 Parse error. For instance, when parsing command-line
options, the .wget2rc or .netrc...
3 File I/O error.
4 Network failure.
5 SSL verification failure.
6 Username/password authentication failure.
7 Protocol errors.
8 Server issued an error response.
9 Public key missing from keyring.
10 A Signature verification failed.
With the exceptions of 0 and 1, the lower-numbered exit codes take
precedence over higher-numbered ones, when multiple types of errors
are encountered.
Startup File
Sometimes you may wish to permanently change the default behaviour of
GNU Wget2. There is a better way to do this than setting an alias in
your shell. GNU Wget2 allows you to set all options permanently
through its startup up, CR].wget2rcR].
While CR].wget2rcR] is the I]mainR] initialization file used by GNU
Wget2, it is not a good idea to store passwords in this file. This is
because the startup file maybe publicly readable or backed up in
version control. This is why Wget2 also reads the contents of
CR]$HOME/.netrcR] when required.
The CR].wget2rcR] file follows a very similar syntax to the
CR].wgetrcR] that is read by GNU Wget. It varies in only those places
where the command line options vary between Wget1.x and Wget2.
Wget2rc Location
When initializing, Wget2 will attempt to read the [lq]global[rq]
startup file, which is located at `/usr/local/etc/wget2rc' by default
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(or some prefix other than `/usr/local', if Wget2 was not installed
there). The global startup file is useful for system administrators
to enforce a default policy, such as setting the path to the
certificate store, preloading a HSTS list, etc.
Then, Wget2 will look for the user[cq]s initialization file. If the
user has passed the CR]--configR] command line option, Wget2 will try
to load the file that it points to. If file does not exist, or if it
cannot be read, Wget2 will make no further attempts to read any
initialization files.
If the environment variable CR]WGET2RCR] is set, Wget2 will try to
load the file at this location. If the file does not exist, or if it
cannot be read, Wget2 will make no further attempts to read an
initialization file.
If, CR]--configR] is not passed and CR]WGET2RCR] is not set, Wget2
will attempt to load the user[cq]s initialization file from a location
as defined by the XDG Base Directory Specification. It will read the
first, and only the first file it finds from the following locations:
1. CR]$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wget/wget2rcR]
2. CR]$HOME/.config/wget/wget2rcR]
3. CR]$HOME/.wget2rcR]
Having an initialization file at CR]$HOME/.wget2rcR] is deprecated.
If a file is found there, Wget2 will print a warning about it.
Support for reading from this file will be removed in the future.
The fact that the user[cq]s settings are loaded after the system-wide
ones means that in case of a collision, the user[cq]s wget2rc
I]overridesR] the global wget2rc.
Bugs
You are welcome to submit bug reports via the GNU Wget2 bug tracker .
Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few
simple guidelines.
1. Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug.
If Wget2 crashes, it[cq]s a bug. If Wget2 does not behave as
documented, it[cq]s a bug. If things work strange, but you are not
sure about the way they are supposed to work, it might well be a
bug, but you might want to double-check the documentation and the
mailing lists.
2. Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible. E.g.
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if Wget2 crashes while downloading CR]wget2 -rl0 -kKE -t5
--no-proxy https://example.com -o /tmp/logR], you should try to see
if the crash is repeatable, and if will occur with a simpler set of
options. You might even try to start the download at the page
where the crash occurred to see if that page somehow triggered the
crash.
Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of your
CR].wget2rcR] file, just dumping it into the debug message is probably
a bad idea. Instead, you should first try to see if the bug repeats
with CR].wget2rcR] moved out of the way. Only if it turns out that
CR].wget2rcR] settings affect the bug, mail me the relevant parts of
the file.
3. Please start Wget2 with CR]-dR] option and send us the resulting
output (or relevant parts thereof). If Wget2 was compiled without
debug support, recompile it. It is much easier to trace bugs with
debug support on.
Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive information
from the debug log before sending it to the bug address. The CR]-dR]
won[cq]t go out of its way to collect sensitive information, but the
log will contain a fairly complete transcript of Wget2[cq]s
communication with the server, which may include passwords and pieces
of downloaded data. Since the bug address is publicly archived, you
may assume that all bug reports are visible to the public.
4. If Wget2 has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g. CR]gdb
[ga]which wget[ga] coreR] and type [lq]where[rq] to get the
backtrace. This may not work if the system administrator has
disabled core files, but it is safe to try.
Author
Wget2 written by Tim Rhsen
Wget 1.x originally written by Hrvoje Niki
Copyright
Copyright (C) 2012-2015 Tim Rhsen
Copyright (C) 2015-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
[lq]GNU Free Documentation License[rq].
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